Classification of oral negative pressure systems
There are currently two different classifications. First, it is divided into two categories: dry type and wet type. The second is divided into dry, wet and semi-dry. The former classification method is classified according to whether there is liquid in the pipeline. If there is liquid in the pipeline, it is wet type, and if there is no liquid in the pipeline, it is dry type. The absence of liquid in the pipe means that the liquid has been separated in the treatment machine. Although this classification method seems simple and easy to judge, it does not cover different negative pressure systems well.
1. Dry type
The device that generates negative pressure is a gas ring pump, and the gas-liquid separation is performed in the treatment machine. There is no liquid in the pipe. The dry negative pressure system is mainly used when the equipment has a gas-liquid separation device installed, or the negative pressure equipment can only be installed on the roof of a building or other location higher than the plane of the treatment machine. Some people think that it is a misunderstanding to use dry systems for the sake of hygiene, because although there is no liquid in the pipes of dry systems, the separation devices are dispersed and located in the treatment machine. Once a leak occurs, it will leak in the treatment room. Due to the existence of negative pressure in the pipelines of the negative pressure system, even if the pipelines are damaged, there will be little leakage.
2. Semi-dry type
The device that generates negative pressure is a gas ring pump, the gas-liquid separation is centralized, and there is liquid in the pipeline. Semi-dry negative pressure system is the current mainstream negative pressure system. The air ring negative pressure pump ensures sufficient flow to prevent cross-infection and avoid the spread of respiratory diseases between doctors and patients. Centralized gas-liquid separation saves costs. It is also easier to install heavy metal collection devices. The gas-liquid separation device of the semi-dry negative pressure system can be divided into sedimentation type and centrifugal separation.
3. Wet type
The device that generates negative pressure is a liquid ring pump. There is no need for a gas-liquid separation device in the treatment machine, and the equipment needs to be connected to external tap water. The wet negative pressure system uses a water ring pump, which is characterized by high negative pressure and small flow. It is usually used in outpatient operating rooms when there are many surgeries and the aspirate is mainly liquid.
Basic principles for the arrangement of pipelines
The first is the principle of gradually thickening pipes. Usually, ∮30 is used in the treatment room, and ∮50 is usually used for the main pipe in the dental department. Depending on the size of the dental hospital, the administrative road should be thicker.
In addition, the pipeline is required to avoid 90-degree angles, and two elbow transitions can be used. All corners require 45-degree turns along the flow. The signal lines should be arranged at the same time as the pipelines. The signal lines should be connected in parallel. It is recommended to use copper core wires with a diameter of 1.5mm or above. Because there is no liquid in the pipeline of the dry system, the negative pressure equipment can be placed higher than the level of the treatment machine. In principle, semi-dry and wet systems should be at the same level as the treatment machine or located downstairs. If placed on a slightly higher level (such as on a countertop), in principle, it should not exceed 1.5 meters above the surface of the treatment machine. When it is necessary to cross the previous pipeline when discharging the pipe, the pipeline near the negative pressure pump should pass from below. Each treatment machine has a separate pipeline to the negative pressure pump.
Because of its higher negative pressure value, the wet negative pressure system (water ring pump) can use slightly thinner pipelines than dry and semi-dry pipelines. Please reserve water for the negative pressure pump location.
Negative pressure equipment is often afraid of high temperatures. The installation location needs to be ventilated and effective cooling measures (air conditioning, etc.) must be taken for ventilation, and a suitable ventilation fan should be selected. The ambient temperature is recommended not to exceed 30 degrees. The exhaust from negative pressure equipment must be discharged outdoors and cannot be discharged directly into the pump room. And when there is more than one negative pressure pump, the exhaust pipe of each negative pressure pump must be discharged to the outdoors separately and cannot be connected in series to form one pipeline for discharge. Because the exhaust temperature is high, it is avoided that when one of the equipment stops working, high-temperature gas will enter the stopped equipment and cause damage to the pipeline.
The positive and negative pressure pump room
The positive and negative pressure pump room is an important part of the clinic. Considering the particularity of the positive and negative pressure pumps, their location, temperature, power supply, pipelines, valves, exhaust, etc. all need to be paid attention to. Both positive and negative pressure pumps must have independent pump rooms. Two pump rooms cannot be placed in the same room, and suite-type use should be avoided. In addition, the positive and negative pressure pump rooms should consider the interference of noise to other rooms, so the location should be as far away from the consulting room as possible. Positive and negative pressure pumps have a high demand for electricity, probably between 2000 and 4000 watts per unit, so a reasonable design must be made for electricity. In addition, when selecting a pump, try to choose a positive and negative pressure pump with three-phase power supply, because its power consumption is more reasonable, and the long-term operation stability of the equipment is better than that of a single-phase pump. This is something to pay attention to when selecting.
Considering that the facilities will be damaged and require repairs, during the selection process of positive and negative pressure pumps, in clinics with more than 8 dental chairs, we recommend that dual-channel control be used as much as possible. That is, choose two pumps, each with three or four chairs. After installation, once the equipment fails, all the negative pressure will not be unavailable, and at least one pump will be available.
In terms of valve design, two pumps can be connected in series. Normally, they are inaccessible to each other. Once an equipment failure occurs and one of the pumps needs to be repaired or replaced, another good pump can be used to connect several other rooms. This is a temporary emergency measure. In addition, the room with positive and negative pressure pumps also needs to have temperature control.
Because it is a heating device, if the room design is too small and the heat cannot be dissipated, and the room temperature exceeds 35 degrees, it will have an impact on the life of the pump. Try to set up a single-cooling air conditioner to help cool it down, and set up exhaust equipment to drain the hot air in the room in a timely manner to protect the equipment from an air perspective.
The exhaust device and exhaust pipe of the negative pressure pipeline must be set in place. The negative pressure pump room is generally in the same room as the sewage treatment room because their characteristics are unified. Therefore, the negative pressure pump room must be treated as a contaminated space, disinfection tools must be installed in it, and the exhaust pipes must be designed in place. It is best to set up an ultraviolet lamp to disinfect the room regularly.
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